10 African-American Innovators of Education

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David H. Swinton

Benedict College president David H. Swinton had an unusual plan to stop the increasingly high rate of first-year students flunking out. What if students were graded more on their effort and less on actual knowledge? Swinton enacted SEE, Success Equals Effort, a grading policy requiring students who met specific effort requirements never fail a class. The controversial policy applies only to freshman and sophomores. Swinton has said students benefit from the policy because the additional effort creates better study habits which lead to better grades. Swinton received a Master’s degree in economics and doctorate in Philosophy from Harvard University.

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