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Pregnant African American woman holding her stomach in hospital

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In his recent ESPN documentary, D. Wade: Life Unexpected, retired basketball star Dwyane Wade opened up his wife Gabrielle Union and their emotional fertility journey. The couple, who had suffered multiple miscarriages before welcoming their 1-year-old daughter Kaavia James Wade via surrogate, sought out many different types of fertility treatments in hopes of carrying a pregnancy to term. At one point, Wade was concerned that he might lose his wife due to the riskiness of some of the procedures.

“I’m watching my wife go through a lot physically,” he recalled. “You’re sitting in with the doctors and they’re like, ‘You can do this and that but the risk of you surviving.’ It became a point where I was like, ‘Oh wait, now I might lose you in this process?’”

Union, like many women in this country, went to great lengths to bring life into the world. When the sacrifices of motherhood are discussed, people often think about life after the baby is born. However, the reality is that the selflessness exuded by mothers begins long before the delivery room. In some cases, they even begin before conception. Here are 10 risks women take and sacrifices they make to birth children.

Depression

More than 3 million women are diagnosed with postpartum depression annually. Postpartum depression is defined by the Mayo Clinic as a “severe and long-lasting form of depression triggered by childbirth. Symptoms include but are not limited to feelings of hopelessness, anxiety and panic attacks, difficulty thinking clearly or making decisions, recurring thoughts of suicide, trouble bonding with your baby, and increased irritability and agitation. Additionally, there are some women who suffer a more severe and extreme mood disorder called postpartum psychosis.

Black doctor examining pregnant patient's belly

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Pregnancy loss

According to the March of Dimes, 10 to 15 percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage and 1 in 100 women suffer multiple miscarriages. It can be frightening and anxiety-inducing to carry a pregnancy to term after a miscarriage, but women put their fears aside and do it every day for the sake of bringing a new life into the world.

Pregnant African American mother holding her belly in hospital

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Maternal mortality

Maternal death is defined by the World Health Organization as “the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.” Over 700 women die in the United States as a result of pregnancy-related complications and two-thirds of those deaths are preventable. Black women are 2 to 6 times more likely to die from childbirth-related complications.

Close up of pregnant African woman having ultrasound

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Risky procedures

In his recent ESPN documentary, Dwyane Wade shared that he feared he would lose his wife, Gabrielle Union, as a result of risky fertility procedures. Like many couples who struggle to conceive naturally, the Wades went to great lengths to birth a child — some of which pose potential a potential threat to the life and health of the mother.

Pregnant African American mid adult patient being examined with a stethoscope

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Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is defined by the Mayo Clinic as “a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys.” Preeclampsia has the potential to lead to fatal complications for both a mother and her baby.

Doctor weighing pregnant Black woman

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Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that causes dangerously high blood sugar levels in pregnant women. It begins to develop in some expectant mothers mid-pregnancy and doesn’t usually cause symptoms. In some cases, gestational diabetes can pose a deadly threat to both a mother and her unborn child.

Black woman sleeping in bed

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Long-term bed rest

Some expectant mothers are placed on long-term bed rest when faced with conditions such as high blood pressure, vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, preterm labor, and cervical insufficiency. Bed rest can last weeks or months.

Pregnant Black woman standing on scale

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Weight gain

During pregnancy, some women gain as much as 40 pounds. The added weight can cause significant wear and tear on an expectant mother’s back, bones and knees. Additionally, it can be challenging to take the weight off after the baby is born.

Pregnant woman traveling by plane

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Chronic morning sickness

Morning sickness is chronic nausea and vomiting that occur during pregnancy. For some, the condition only sticks around for the first 12 weeks. For others, it can last the entire pregnancy. Hypermesis